In recent years, due to favorable market conditions, passion fruit exports have expanded, leading to rapid growth in both the cultivation area and productivity of passion fruit.
Currently, passion fruit is predominantly grown in the Central Highlands region and some northern areas. Therefore, passion fruit is considered one of the crops that provide stable income for farmers in many localities.
Vietnam’s soil and climate conditions are suitable for the commercial cultivation of passion fruit. With its easy cultivation, short time from planting to harvest, and extended harvesting period (almost year-round in the Central Highlands), passion fruit is convenient to harvest, transport, and store. This facilitates the supply of fresh produce for consumption and processing compared to many other types of fruits.
Export Value Increase
In many regions, a system for purchasing, preliminary processing, and marketing passion fruit products has been established. Investments in cold storage systems for processing and preserving have been made to facilitate supply of fresh raw materials for consumption and processing.
Passion fruit is a relatively new commercial crop primarily oriented towards export, attracting large enterprises to invest in research and production of varieties, cold storage for preservation, and advanced processing plants with modern technologies. These efforts have contributed to building brands and rapid growth, capturing a significant market share in Vietnam’s fruit and vegetable export industry.
According to Nguyen Nhu Cuong, Director of the Crop Production Department (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development), as of the end of 2022, the total area of fruit-bearing trees nationwide is approximately 1.22 million hectares, producing 13 million tons, including passion fruit covering 9.5 thousand hectares, with average yields ranging from 191 to 226 tons per hectare.
In recent years, the export value of Vietnamese passion fruit has continuously grown from USD 19.5 million in 2015 to about USD 70 million annually at present. Passion fruit is consumed in various forms: fresh fruit, preliminary processing, and processed products. The main exported product is frozen pulp. Processed products include concentrated juice, frozen pulp, and dried products. Major export markets include Europe, Japan, the United States, South Korea, and the Middle East.
Currently, the Central Highlands region is the leading area for passion fruit cultivation nationwide, covering about 8.2 thousand hectares, which accounts for over 86% of the national area. Gia Lai province has the largest passion fruit area with over 4,263 hectares and a yield of more than 134 thousand tons. This province also attracts the largest investment in seed production, processing, and consumption of passion fruit nationwide.
Furthermore, the province has established a three-tier passion fruit seed production system in advanced net houses, disease-free, with a scale of millions of seedlings per year. Additionally, about 2,472.8 hectares in the province apply advanced irrigation technology, which saves water and enhances passion fruit productivity and quality.
Expansion of Growing Area Codes
The Plant Protection Department stated that establishing, issuing, and managing growing area codes and packaging facilities for passion fruit are among the top priorities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and localities to promote exports. In recent years, Vietnam’s passion fruit production has grown rapidly in terms of area, output, and export value.
Notably, both passion fruit and durian have been officially exported to the Chinese market since July 2022, presenting significant opportunities for production. Alongside achievements, Vietnamese passion fruit production and export are facing existing risks and challenges: some areas still practice unsustainable farming methods, the number of registered growing area codes and packaging facilities meeting the criteria for mainstream export to China remains small compared to the current area and output of passion fruit.
Moreover, Vietnam’s passion fruit production encounters difficulties due to its predominant small-scale production by individual households; the sustainability of the production link between enterprises and farmers is unstable, with few enterprises participating in the supply chain to meet export standards for major markets. Quality management and food safety standards in some areas are not adequately emphasized.
Future Directions
Nationwide, there are plans to expand passion fruit cultivation to 12-15 thousand hectares with a production of 250-300 thousand tons. To achieve this goal, Nguyen Nhu Cuong emphasizes the need for localities to review passion fruit cultivation areas and develop region-specific production development plans. This includes infrastructure investment in packaging, preliminary processing, and processing facilities; reviewing and compiling documents to apply for growing area codes and packaging facilities suitable for exporting passion fruit; and strengthening inspection and supervision of the issuance, management, and use of growing area codes and packaging facilities meeting the criteria for mainstream export to China to timely detect and handle cases of fraud, deception, or misuse of area codes.
Additionally, integrated crop health management in passion fruit production areas should be intensified to improve product quality and ensure food safety. It is also essential to enhance cooperation between enterprises, cooperatives, farmers, and establish growing area codes, preliminary processing, packaging, preservation, and processing to build efficient value chains for passion fruit production, procurement, processing, consumption, and export.
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